| An anatomic abnormality in the way the
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| | outlines the bladder and urethra. If VUR
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| kidneys, bladder and urethra are hooked
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| | is present the x-ray will show the dye
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| up, that can cause recurrent bladder
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| | backing up through the ureters into the
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| infections is present to children
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| | kidneys. The dye does not produces damage
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| sometimes. Three possible abnormalities
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| | the bladder or kidneys, and it is flushed
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| are: tight or posterior urethral valves,
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| | out quickly with urinating. This test is
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| vessico-ureteral reflux (VUR) and
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| | invasive and can be painful and scary for
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| abnormal kidneys or ureters.
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| | a child but it's the one that can detect
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| In the first case normally the valve or
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| | problems with the urethra and ureters.
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| sphincter keeps the bladder from emptying
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| | Unfortunately very little information
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| but sometimes they can be too tight or in
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| | about the kidneys is given by this test.
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| the wrong position. The bladder can not
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| | Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) involves
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| be empty completely and the urine can
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| | injected dye through an IV into the blood
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| back up and cause backpressure on the
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| | stream. Outlining the structure of the
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| kidneys. This can cause a dilation of the
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| | kidneys on x-ray is shown by the dye that
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| kidneys named hydronephrosis which can
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| | travels through the kidneys and into the
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| lead to serious kidney damage. Kidney
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| | urine. VUR or urethra problems can not be
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| damage can appear at newborns born from
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| | seen with this test.
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| in utero backpressure, or can develop
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| | Nuclear medicine scan shows the kidneys
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| during the first few months of life.
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| | in such a way that checks the kidney
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| Rarely this condition occurs in males,
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| | function and checks for scars in the
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| but does need to be diagnosed quickly. A
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| | kidneys.
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| weak urine stream is one clue to this
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| | In the case of abnormality presence some
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| problem.
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| | tests are recommended by doctor. So an
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| Vessico-ureteral reflux (VUR) occurs
| |
| | ultrasound and VCUG should be done in
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| where the urine tubes, called ureters,
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| | these instances: newborns who have a
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| from the kidneys empty into the bladder.
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| | single bladder infection, infants less
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| The urine from the bladder is prevented
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| | than one year of age who have a second
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| by one-way valve to go back up into the
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| | bladder infection and older children who
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| ureters and kidneys. The urine can go
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| | have had more than three or four
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| backwards and cause backpressure on the
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| | infections.
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| kidneys, or hydronephrosis at children
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| | A referral to a pediatric urologist or
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| which are born with immature ureter
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| | nephrologist is necessary when these
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| valves. Over time the backpressure can
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| | tests are normal, but the child continues
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| damage the kidneys.
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| | to have problems with infections. An IVP
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| There are very rare cases when the
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| | will be done if the specialist will
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| kidneys, or the tubes that drain them
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| | decide. A surgical specialist is called
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| into the bladder, can develop abnormally.
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| | urologist and a non-surgical specialist
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| The urine is prevented to drain properly
| |
| | is called nephrologist. If an abnormality
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| into the bladder and this can lead to
| |
| | on these tests appear doctor may
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| infections.
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| | recommend a specialist for appropriate
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| Different radiology tests are used to
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| | treatment.
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| look for structural problems involving
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| | A daily low-dose of antibiotics can be
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| the bladder and kidneys. Ultrasound is
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| | given to children who have recurrent
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| painless and non-invasive. If a
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| | bladder infections to control any
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| structural problem with the kidneys or
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| | bacteria that may get into the bladder.
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| ureters exists, or if any hydronephrosis
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| | Prophylactic antibiotics are used when
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| (back-pressure) is present ultrasound can
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| | children with known anatomic
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| show that. VUR or a urethral valve
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| | abnormalities make them prone to
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| problem cannot be found out with an
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| | infections, and when children without
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| ultrasound.
| |
| | abnormalities continue to have infections
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| Voiding Cysto-urethrogram (VCUG) is a
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| | despite all the above non-medical
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| test that involves restraining an infant
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| | prevention. Usually children will take an
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| or child, inserting a catheter through
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| | antibiotic for six to twelve months and
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| the urethra into the bladder, injecting a
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| | after treatment will come back to make
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| dye into the catheter, pulling out the
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| | other tests to see the result.
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| catheter, and allowing the infant to
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| | It is difficult for children to do these
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| urinate the dye back out. During the
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| | tests because they are not funny, but
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| procedure x-rays are taken. If any
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| | these can help to discover the problems
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| structural problem exists can be seen on
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| | which can be treated.
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| the x-ray with the help of the dye that
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|
